Building regulations in the UK are in place to ensure that buildings and structures are constructed safely and in the most efficient manner possible.

The building regulations are made up of all kinds of different sections which focus on varying parts of construction. Part A of these regulations has an emphasis on structural safety, ensuring that buildings are designed to withstand loads, ground movements and avoid disproportionate collapse. 

Whether you’re a property developer, landlord or builder, understanding Building Regulations Part A is crucial for compliance and safety.

In this article, the team here at IKT Consulting will take a closer look at these regulations, providing you with all the information you need to properly understand them.

What is Building Regulations Part A?

Building Regulations Part A specifically deals with structural safety in buildings. It sets out a legal framework and requirements for ensuring structures can withstand various forces, including environmental pressures and human activity. 

The primary goal of these regulations is to prevent structural failures that could endanger occupants and the public.  

Part A applies to both brand new buildings as well as alterations to existing structures, and covers aspects including the foundations, walls, floors and the roof. Compliance with Part A rules is mandatory when carrying out most construction jobs. 

What is included in Building Regulations Part A?

The Building Regulations Part A rules are divided into three key areas. Let’s take a closer look at what these are:

A1: Loading

The A1 Loading section of the regulations ensures that buildings are capable of bearing the significant loads they will be expected to face during their lifespan. These loads include:

• Dead loads: The weight of the building itself including all the walls, floors and roofs.

• Live loads: The weight of movable items and objects including people and furniture. 

• Wind loads: The impact of wind forces on the structure.

• Snow loads: The additional weight that might accumulate during periods of snowfall.
• Other forces: Seismic activity (where applicable) and unexpected or accidental loads.

Builders and engineers must calculate and design structures that can handle these loads as safely as possible. The use of structural calculations and design codes (like British Standards) can ensure compliance with this part of the regulations.

A2: Ground Movement

This section deals with how a building reacts to ground movements which can be caused by a range of factors including:

• Subsidence: The downward movement of the ground beneath a building, often due to soil shrinkage or excavation work nearby.

• Heave: The upward movement of the ground due to significant moisture changes, particularly in areas built on clay soils.

• Settlement: The gradual sinking of a building as the ground begins to compact under its weight.

To meet A2 ground movement requirements, builders need to ensure that foundations are appropriate for the type of soil and ground conditions. This often involves testing the soil and using appropriate foundations, like deep piles or raft foundations, in unstable areas. 

A3: Disproportionate Collapse Requirements

Disproportionate collapse (also known as progressive collapse) is a phenomenon that occurs when the failure of one part of a building causes the entire structure to collapse. This can be extremely dangerous and potentially life-threatening and A3 disproportionate collapse requirements ensure that buildings are designed in a safe way that stops this from happening.

Key measures can include:

• Robust load paths: Ensuring that alternative load paths exist so that if one element fails, the rest of the building remains stable.
• Tie systems: Using reinforcement in floors and walls to maintain structural integrity. 
• Building classifications: Different structural requirements based on the building size and use (for instance, high-rise buildings have much stricter requirements than single storey houses). 

These requirements are particularly important for larger buildings, like offices, apartment blocks and public buildings, as there is a greater likelihood of more people using them.

Is an approved document mandatory?

If your structure complies with all of the rules set out in Building Regulations Part A, you will be presented with a document that confirms this. 

Approved Document A provides official guidance on how to comply with the regulations and while following the document is not mandatory, it is the most straightforward way to demonstrate your compliance.

Moreover, while compliance itself may not be mandatory, obeying the regulations are. 

It’s always recommended that Document A is followed when designing a new building or making significant alterations. The document itself uses complex and technical language, making it hard to follow for a non-professional. It’s always best to seek professional support such as from reliable and trustable structural engineers like the team here at IKT Consulting. 

How do I prove compliance?

To ensure compliance with Building Regulations Part A, you need to provide evidence to the relevant building control authorities. Here are some of the ways you can prove compliance:

Structural calculations and drawings

For any significant construction project, calculations and drawings will be required. These calculations need to be prepared by a qualified structural engineer and will show that the building safely bears loads. Architectural drawings should also clearly demonstrate compliance with Part A.

Building control approval 

Before starting work, you must submit plans to the local authority. They will review the design and ensure it meets the regulations.

Site inspections

Qualified inspectors may visit your site at various stages of the construction process. They may check:

• Foundations 
• Structural integrity 
• Load-bearing elements
• Compliance with design plans    

Materials and workmanship standards 

Using approved materials and employing competent builders also ensures compliance. 

Project sign-off

Upon completion, your project will be issued a completion certificate confirming the building meets Building Regulations Part A. This is crucial for property sales, insurance and legal compliance.

Understanding Building Regulations Part A is essential for ensuring structural safety in any construction project. At IKT Consulting, our team of professional structural engineers offer leading services for homeowners, landlords, architects, contractors, developers and more. If you need support understanding the regulations or compliance rules, contact our expert team today.